2016—2018年度国家区试小麦品种品质性状灰色关联度分析与评价

为研究近年来参试小麦品系品质状况并筛选优质品种,对2016—2018年参加国家冬麦区黄淮南片水地组品种区域试验的20个小麦新品系的5个性状进行灰色关联度分析。结果表明,各指标与品质综合评价值的关联度(r_i)和权重(r_j)2年均表现为容重>湿面筋含量/吸水率>蛋白质含量>稳定时间。2017年5个品种综合评价值高于对照,2018年10个品种综合评价值高于对照。‘郑科麦136’连续2年综合评价值列首位。无论是否考虑各指标对品质影响的权重,‘漯麦26’品质2年间差异最小。灰色关联度分析法在品质性状评价中具有一定的科学性,但受评价指标较少、各指标赋权合理性的影响,有一些局限性。在品种应用时应根据最终用途进行细化评价,不同类型的品质参数应分别做灰色关联度分析,以保证分析结果准确。     

PEG胁迫下春小麦萌发期抗旱指标的遗传力

为探索干旱胁迫对春小麦萌发期生长的影响,筛选春小麦萌发期抗旱性指标。以宁夏灌区和雨养区的2种粒色（红皮和白皮）40份春小麦的抗旱品系为试验材料,研究PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫对胚根长、胚根数、胚芽鞘长和一叶长的影响。利用广义遗传力分析法,筛选春小麦萌发期抗旱性指标。胚根长的广义遗传力最高,均大于0.55,遗传力的控制程度稳定。雨养区的红粒种子胚根长的遗传力高达0.95;雨养区的红粒种子的胚芽鞘长的广义遗传力最高,达0.94,但其遗传力控制程度不稳定,最低遗传力仅为0.06;胚根数和一叶长的遗传力很低,且控制程度极不稳定。春小麦萌发期胚根长的广义遗传力最高,控制程度稳定。其次是胚芽鞘长,但其遗传力的控制程度不稳定。胚根长可作为春小麦萌发期的抗旱指标鉴定抗旱材料,以胚芽鞘的长度为参考值。     

安徽发现草地贪夜蛾为害早播小麦

2019年5月17日,在安徽省黄山市黄山区发现草地贪夜蛾为害春玉米,首次证实草地贪夜蛾入侵安徽,截至8月25日全省16市全部见虫。2019年10月22日,淮南市寿县窑口镇早播小麦田发现疑似该虫为害,经鉴定,确认为草地贪夜蛾。调查发现,全田均可见该虫为害状,百株被害率最高达84.21%,每平方米最高虫量43头。调查提示,入侵安徽的草地贪夜蛾种群可取食为害小麦,应加强其在麦田发生情况的监测。     

国家地理标志保护产品——北乡马蹄

为了提高北乡马蹄的产量和质量，使北乡马蹄创造出更大的经济价值，为当地的农户创造更高的收益，通过了解当地的情况，阐述了北乡马蹄的基本特征及种植现状；结合现代农业技术，总结出北乡马蹄高效栽培技术要点，包括种球选择、育秧、定植、田间管理、病虫害防治及采收等。     

玉米新品种隆平703的选育及栽培技术

隆平703是安徽隆平种业有限公司拜泉试验站于2009年组配而成的玉米杂交种。在2年的内蒙古区域试验和1年生产试验中比对照品种增产显著。该品种具有产量高、品质好、抗病性强、保苗好、适宜性强等特点。     

间作模式下小麦联合收获机清选装置CFD-DEM气固耦合仿真与试验验证

为了提高间作模式下小麦联合收获机清选性能，研究旋风分离筒内流场和颗粒的运动状态，探索分离筒的最佳工作参数组合，运用离散元法和计算流体力学耦合的方法分析了气流与颗粒的相互作用，以喂入速度、吸杂压强、筒体高度、下椎体角度为试验因素对清选过程进行了仿真正交试验，对最佳清选参数组合完成了田间试验验证。结果表明:气流在分离筒内形成内、外旋涡，内漩涡的运动使短茎秆进入吸杂管道，籽粒在外旋涡的作用下滑落到集粮盘；仿真试验的最佳参数组合为喂入速度12 m·s^-1吸杂压强-1 800 Pa、筒体高度350 mm、下椎体的角度65°，得到的清洁率和损失率分别为92.18%和1.99%，与田间试验的误差分别为2.947%和7.428%。     

Distribution and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna in three repeated operating ages of the blood cockle Anadara granosa cultivation in Bandon Bay,Suratthani Province,Southern Thailand

The diversity, distribution and species richness of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna as well as benthic environments were examined in the blood cockle Anadara granosa cultivations at Ban Don Bay, Suratthani Province, Southern Thailand during the summer season of April and rainy season of October in 2017. The cockle cultivations of three repeated operating ages (<5 years: S1; 5–10 years: S2; more than 10 years: S3) were selected for the study, and the sampling sites were allocated at the centre of the farm. Results indicated that there were significant differences in species number, individual number and evenness index of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna found in the two sampling seasons (p < .05) and significant differences in individual number and evenness index were found among the sampling sites (p < .05). Significant differences in pH, total phosphorus levels, sulphide levels and organic matter of sediment were found between the sampling seasons (p < .05) and differences in total nitrogen level, organic matter and clay content were found among the sampling sites (p < .05). Among the independent variables analysed, correlation analysis showed no relationship between diversity index, species richness index and evenness index and the abiotic variables (p < .05). The results of the present study suggest that the distribution and diversity variations of the benthic macroinvertebrates community fauna are not affected by all sediment parameters in various repeated cultivation of the blood cockle Anadara granosa in Bandon Bay, Suratthani Province.     

药用植物线纹香茶菜高产栽培技术

本文介绍了线纹香茶菜的植物学形态和生长习性,从育苗、选地整地、栽植、田间管理、病虫害防治、采收加工、留种等方面总结了线纹香茶菜高产栽培技术,以期为线纹香茶菜的GAP规范化种植提供参考。     

Exogenous application of allelopathic water extracts helps improving tolerance against terminal heat and drought stresses in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell.)

The allelopathic water extracts (AWEs) may help improve the tolerance of crop plants against abiotic stresses owing to the presence of the secondary metabolites (i.e., allelochemicals). We conducted four independent experiments to evaluate the influence of exogenous application of AWEs (applied through seed priming or foliage spray) in improving the terminal heat and drought tolerance in bread wheat. In all the experiments, two wheat cultivars, viz. Mairaj‐2008 (drought and heat tolerant) and Faisalabad‐2008 (drought and heat sensitive), were raised in pots. Both wheat cultivars were raised under ambient conditions in the wire house till leaf boot stage (booting) by maintaining the pots at 75% water‐holding capacity (WHC). Then, managed drought and heat stresses were imposed by maintaining the pots at 35% WHC, or shifting the pots inside the glass canopies (at 75% WHC), at booting, anthesis and the grain filling stages. Drought stress reduced the grain yield of wheat by 39%–49%. Foliar application of AWEs improved the grain yield of wheat by 26%–31%, while seed priming with AWEs improved the grain yield by 18%–26%, respectively, than drought stress. Terminal heat stress reduced the grain yield of wheat by 38%. Seed priming with AWEs improved the grain yield by 21%–27%; while foliar application of AWEs improved the grain yield by 25%–29% than the heat stress treatment. In conclusion, the exogenous application of AWEs improved the stay green, accumulation of proline, soluble phenolics and glycine betaine, which helped to stabilize the biological membranes and improved the tolerance against terminal drought and heat stresses.     

泰州地区稻田综合种养模式水稻病虫害绿色高效防控技术

本文介绍了泰州地区稻田综合种养模式采用的水稻病虫害绿色高效防控技术,主要包括物理防治、化学防治、生物防治等措施,并结合当地生产实践情况,推荐出低毒安全高效的药剂使用组合,实现了稻田环境的可持续发展。